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Europe's rivers and canals contain more than 100 pesticides - including 24 that are currently banned, a study has found.
Researchers tested samples from 29 waterways in 10 European countries, including two in the UK. Every single river and canal was found to contain multiple pesticides. In addition, the study discovered evidence of 21 veterinary drugs.
Thirteen waterways held concentrations of at least one chemical that exceeded European safety limits.
Pesticides
A total of 24 pesticides that are not licensed for use in the European Union were detected. And 70 different pesticides were identified in one Belgian canal with the highest level of contamination.
Dr Jorge Casado, from Greenpeace Research Laboratories at the University of Exeter, said: "There is huge uncertainty about what effects these mixtures of chemicals could have on wildlife and human health. We know many of these individual pesticides are a cause for concern."
The fact that unlicensed pesticides were found in the waterways does not necessarily mean they were used illegally, the researchers pointed out.
They could have been used lawfully before the bans came into force. Several pesticides were discovered in multiple rivers.
The fungicide chemical carbendazim, which is banned in the EU, was detected in 93 percent of samples - a finding the study authors described as "remarkable".
Rainfall
Of the 103 pesticides identified, almost half were herbicides and the rest were fungicides or insecticides.
Most of the veterinary drugs that found their way into rivers and canals were antibiotics, said the researchers writing in the journal Science of the Total Environment.
Co-author Dr Paul Johnston, also from the University of Exeter, said: "This is not a case of us versus farmers or water companies.
"Farmers don't want to pollute rivers, and water companies don't want to have to remove all that pollution again downstream, so we have to work to reduce reliance on pesticides and veterinary drugs through more sustainable agriculture."
Samples were taken from two UK waterways, the rivers Otter and Tale, both in Devon. Pesticide concentration in the Tale increased dramatically from 54.6 nanograms per litre (ng L) to 179.5 ng L between March 7 and July 2, 2018. This coincided with a big increase in rainfall between the two dates.
This Author
John van Radowitz is the science correspondent for the Press Association.
